Tempering furnaces are used in heat treatment processes to modify the properties of materials, typically metals, after they have been quenched (hardened) to adjust their hardness, ductility, and strength. There are several types of tempering furnaces, each designed for specific tempering needs, production volumes, and heating capabilities.

Tempering Furnace Type

1. Batch Tempering Furnace

Description: A batch tempering furnace is designed to heat a batch of parts all at once. The workpieces are placed in a furnace chamber, heated to the desired temperature, held for a specific time, and then cooled.

Applications: Used for tempering a variety of small to medium-sized batches of parts, typically in industries like automotive, aerospace, and tool manufacturing.

Key Features:

Simple and versatile

Suitable for low to medium production volumes

Can have electric or gas heating

Limitations: Less efficient for high-volume production compared to continuous furnaces.

2. Continuous Tempering Furnace

Description: A continuous tempering furnace allows parts to move through the heating and cooling sections of the furnace on a conveyor or roller system. The furnace is designed for continuous processing.

Applications: Used for high-volume production, particularly in industries that require the mass tempering of parts, such as automotive or large-scale manufacturing.

Key Features:

High throughput for large-scale production

Can provide uniform temperature distribution

Often equipped with automated controls and conveyors

Limitations: Higher initial investment and maintenance costs compared to batch furnaces.

3. Pit Tempering Furnace (or Forge Furnace)

Description: This type of furnace is typically used for larger, heavier workpieces. It’s a vertical furnace where parts are placed in a pit and heated, often used for special tempering processes.

Applications: Ideal for large or heavy parts such as those in the forging, construction equipment, or power generation industries.

Key Features:

Heavy-duty, suited for larger parts

Can handle high temperatures

Often used for specialized, low-volume processes

Limitations: Less common for small- to medium-sized production runs.

4. Electric Resistance Tempering Furnace

Description: In these furnaces, electric heating elements (usually made of resistance wire or coils) heat the chamber. The temperature is controlled by adjusting the electrical current passing through the heating elements.

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Four-point contact ball bearings are radial single row angular contact ball bearings designed to support axial loads in both directions. They can support a certain degree of radial loads and take up significantly less axial space than double row bearings. The inner ring is a split inner ring, which allows a higher number of balls to be loaded and increases the load carrying capacity. Selecting a four-point contact ball bearing involves considering several key factors to ensure it suits the specific application.

Four-point contact ball bearing selection

1. Load Type and Magnitude

Axial Load: Four-point contact ball bearings can handle both radial and axial loads. Ensure that the bearing’s axial load capacity meets the application’s requirements.

Radial Load: Determine the radial load the bearing will be subjected to. Four-point contact ball bearings typically have a lower radial load capacity compared to other ball bearings, so this needs to be considered.

Combined Loads: Four-point contact bearings are particularly useful in applications where both radial and axial loads are present. Make sure to calculate and consider the resulting combined load.

2. Bearing Size and Internal Geometry

Bearing Diameter: The size of the bearing should match the shaft diameter or housing in which it will be installed.

Contact Angle: Four-point contact bearings have a contact angle of about 35° that allows them to support both axial and radial loads. Check if this angle aligns with your application’s needs.

Clearance or Preload: This defines the amount of internal clearance between the rolling elements and raceways, which influences the bearing’s performance under load.

3. Speed Requirements

Rotational Speed: Four-point contact bearings are generally suitable for moderate to high-speed operations, but you should verify the maximum speed the bearing can handle by checking the manufacturer’s catalog.

Lubrication: High-speed applications may require special lubrication (oil or grease). Make sure to select a bearing that is compatible with the lubrication type you plan to use.

4. Environmental Conditions

Temperature: Consider the operating temperature range. Some four-point contact ball bearings are available with seals or shields for dust, moisture, and temperature resistance.

Corrosion Resistance: If the bearing will be exposed to corrosive environments (e.g., chemicals or water), choose a bearing with appropriate material coatings, such as stainless steel or ceramic bearings.

5. Precision Requirements

Precision Class: Bearings come in different accuracy classes (e.g., P0, P6, P5). For high-precision machinery, select a bearing with a higher accuracy grade.

Radial Runout and Axial Runout: For high-precision applications, the bearing’s radial and axial runout tolerances should be evaluated.

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In industries such as mining and coal preparation, materials need to be screened and classified before they can be used. Vibrating screens use mechanized vibration to classify materials according to different sizes. They have a large processing capacity and high screening efficiency, which is many times more efficient than traditional manual sorting. They can be said to be a “good helper” for screening work. However, if the screen is used improperly, it will cause mechanical failures and short service life. In order to avoid these problems, you need to learn more about the operating steps and precautions of the vibrating screen.

Vibrating screen operation steps

1. Inspection before starting

(1) Check whether the starting equipment is in good condition, whether the motor is grounded properly, and adjust the tightness of the V-belt.

(2) Clear the debris on the screen to avoid heavy load starting.

(3) Check and tighten the bolts of each part.

(4) Check and add enough lubricating oil in the vibrator.

(5) Check whether the inlet and outlet chutes are unobstructed, check whether the crossbeams are welded, and check whether the safety protection devices are safe and reliable.

(6) After completing the above preparations, you can send a signal to notify the start-up.

2. Start the machine

Turn the control switch handle to the forward position of the motor, press the start button, close the switch, and start the motor. Observe the operation status. There is no abnormal sound or vibration. It can only run normally after it runs smoothly. It can only be fed after it runs normally. Before starting the equipment, it must be ensured that the discharge port transportation equipment has started and run normally. After confirming that the operation of the vibrating screen is completely normal, send a signal to notify the discharge.

3. Equipment operation

The feeding must be uniform, and it cannot be overloaded or have excessive impact. Pay attention to the temperature and abnormal sound of the motor at any time. Always pay attention to the discharge situation. If there is any blockage, it must be cleared in time. Inspect the nozzle of each vibrating screen for blockage or detachment, and observe the temperature and sound of the motor and the sound of the exciter frequently. Any repair or adjustment of the vibrating screen during operation must be carried out after the power supply of the machine is cut off and the sign prohibiting closing is hung.

4. Equipment shutdown

Stop feeding before shutting down, and shut down after the material on the screen surface is drained. Pull down the knife switch and close the pressure water gate. Turn the control switch handle to the stop position. Ring the stop bell for the unloading transportation system. Clean the vibrating screen and the work site. In special circumstances, the machine can be shut down immediately.

Precautions for vibrating screen operation

1. Pay attention to the bearings of the transmission part. Check the bearing temperature in the middle and end of each shift during the operation of the screen machine, check the amplitude of the screen machine under normal load and peak load of the screen machine, and observe the operation of the screen machine at any time. The normal operating temperature rise is 35℃, the ambient temperature is 25℃, the bearing temperature rise is higher than 70℃, and the ambient temperature is 25℃, the parking operation is executed.

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For more detailed information on the operation steps and precautions of the vibrating screen, please click to visit: https://www.zexciter.com/en/a/news/vibrating-screen-operation-steps.html

Installing bearings in a vibrating screen is a critical task that requires precision to ensure that the machine operates effectively, minimizes downtime, and maximizes bearing life. Vibrating screens operate under harsh conditions, with heavy loads and high vibration, so proper bearing installation is essential to prevent premature failure.

Vibrating screen bearing installation

1. Prepare for Installation

Gather Tools and Materials: Make sure you have the necessary tools and equipment, including the correct bearings, tools for mounting (e.g., bearing pullers, wrenches, hammers), grease or lubricant, cleaning materials, and any special tools for your screen design.

Ensure Proper Conditions: Perform the installation in a clean, dry environment to avoid contamination of the bearings. If necessary, use a workbench with sufficient space to handle the components.

2. Inspect the Bearings

Check for Damage: Before installation, inspect the bearings for any signs of damage (such as cracks or dents) or contamination. Ensure the bearings are the correct size and type for your vibrating screen.

Clean Bearings: If the bearings are new, ensure they are free of dirt or debris. Wipe the bearings with a clean cloth if needed. If you’re reusing old bearings, thoroughly clean them before installation.

3. Prepare the Housing and Shaft

Inspect the Shaft and Housing: Ensure that the shaft and housing where the bearings will be installed are in good condition. Look for any wear, damage, or signs of corrosion that could affect bearing performance.

Clean the Shaft and Housing: Clean both the shaft and bearing housing with a lint-free cloth to remove any dirt, dust, or oil. If necessary, lightly polish the surfaces with a fine abrasive cloth.

Check for Tolerances: Verify that the shaft and housing have the correct dimensions to match the bearing’s internal and external diameters. The fit should not be too tight or too loose.

4. Install the Bearings

Apply Grease or Lubrication: If the bearings are grease-lubricated, apply a thin layer of grease to the inner race and the shaft. Use only the recommended type and amount of lubricant. If the bearing is sealed, it may not require lubrication before installation.

Use Bearing Installation Tools: Use proper tools to install the bearings. It is crucial not to damage the bearing by applying force directly to the rolling elements (balls or rollers). Use bearing fitters or sleeves to apply pressure to the outer race of the bearing only.

Install the Bearing on the Shaft: Gently slide the bearing onto the shaft, ensuring it moves smoothly without excessive force. Do not hammer or force the bearing onto the shaft. If the bearing is tight, use a press to push it into place evenly.

Install the Bearing in the Housing: Similarly, install the other bearing into the bearing housing. Ensure that the bearing is properly seated and aligned with the housing.

5. Align the Bearings

Check Alignment: Proper alignment of the bearings is crucial to prevent premature wear or failure. Use alignment tools or a straight edge to check that both the shaft and housing are properly aligned.

Ensure Proper Radial and Axial Clearance: Depending on the bearing type, ensure that the radial and axial clearance meet the specifications for the vibrating screen application.

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